읽기› 권 4› 정찰병을 피해 알려지지 않은 정원에 숨어든 연인에 대한 이야기의 완결. 그는 정원에서 사랑하는 이를 찾았고, 기쁨에 겨워 정찰병을 축복하며 “너희는 어떤 것을 싫어할 수도 있으나 그것이 너희에게 선일 수도 있다”고 말했다.› 대구 71
M4:71 — زید اندر حق آن شیطان بود / در حق شخصی دگر سلطان بود
M4:71
의미 · به زبانِ تو — 당신의 언어 · AI
This couplet states that no person is absolutely good or evil; their character is judged relative to who is experiencing them.
This verse serves as the culminating human example in Rumi's argument about the relativity of good and evil. The preceding lines establish that what is poison for one creature (a human) is life for another (a snake), and what is a garden for one (a fish) is death for another (a land-dweller). Rumi now applies this principle to human relationships.
He uses "Zayd," a generic Arabic name like "John Doe," to represent any person. To someone Zayd has harmed or opposes, he appears to be a shayṭān (a devil, a satanic force). But to someone he has helped or who loves him, that very same Zayd is a sulṭān (a king, a powerful benefactor). The judgment isn't about Zayd's essential nature but about the relationship and perspective of the observer.
This idea is central to the story of the lover who blesses the terrifying night watchman. The watchman, who seemed like an evil threat, was unintentionally the guide who drove the lover straight to his beloved's garden. The "devil" became a "king" through a shift in outcome and perspective. Rumi's point is that we should be cautious in our absolute judgments of people and events, as their ultimate value is often hidden from our limited view.
- زید
- Zayd. A common Arabic male name, used here and in classical Arabic and Persian texts as a generic placeholder, equivalent to "John Doe" or "so-and-so."
- اندر حق
- Literally "in the right of" or "concerning." In this context, it means "in relation to," "from the perspective of," or "as far as [someone] is concerned."
- شیطان
- Shayṭān. An Arabic term for a devil or satanic figure, representing a force of evil, temptation, or opposition.
- سلطان
- Sulṭān. An Arabic term for a ruler, king, or sovereign. Here, it metaphorically means a figure of supreme authority, power, and benevolence; the opposite of a devil.
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