M6:2449 — زین نسق می‌گفت آن شخص جهود / بس جهودی که آخرش محمود بود

Translation: In this manner, that Jewish man spoke; / How many a Jew whose end was praiseworthy. Meaning: This verse concludes Rumi's account of the Jewish traveler's dream, affirming that individuals from any faith tradition may ultimately achieve a virtuous and commendable destiny.

Following the Jewish man's profoundly symbolic dream, Rumi immediately introduces this pivotal verse: 'How many a Jew whose end was praiseworthy.' This statement offers a profound hermeneutical pause, signaling Rumi's expansive and pluralistic vision of salvation. He then clarifies this message with even greater directness: 'Do not look with contempt upon any infidel, / For there is hope that they might die a Muslim.'

I have emphasized for years that 'dying a Muslim' here does not necessarily imply a superficial conversion to Islam. Rather, it signifies achieving a good end and attaining salvation. This is the essence of what I term 'Pluralism of Salvation,' which I believe is Rumi's definitive stance. It is not about a pluralism of truth—truth, as we know, is singular and indivisible. However, the paths to reach it and to achieve a praiseworthy end can indeed be manifold.

The core of this perspective lies in the primacy of intention (Intentio), not solely the object (Objectum) or the external religious law one observes. If a person's intention is to achieve spiritual transcendence, to be freed from material constraints, and to perform good deeds—if they possess lofty aspirations on their spiritual journey—whether they follow Moses, Jesus, Zoroaster, or even the Buddha, they will be saved and find redemption. Outward creeds and legal precepts may differ, but it is this inner intention and fervent longing for transcendence that shapes one's ultimate destiny. The Jewish man in Rumi's narrative, for instance, experienced profound spiritual visions, which Rumi himself seems to draw lessons from—dreams that transcend mere 'imagination' and point to deeper realities.

I have previously noted Rumi's interactions with Christians of his time, admiring their humility and good character. Indeed, Islamic Sufism, in a sense, has roots in Christian monasticism, and Jesus (peace be upon him) is often regarded as a spiritual father of Sufis. While Rumi might have used harsher terms toward Jews in other instances, this particular verse and the message that follows demonstrate that his mystical vision transcends superficial prejudices, revealing a profound openness to the salvation of all humanity. This is where spirituality transcends the outward boundaries of religion, emphasizing inner will and longing.

Key takeaways

• Pluralism of Salvation: Redemption is tied to inner intention and sublime aspirations, not merely outward adherence to a specific religious law.
• No Contempt for Others: No human being, from any faith, should be deemed excluded from divine mercy or regarded with scorn.
• The Primacy of Inner Intention: The essence of spiritual journeying lies in virtuous will and earnest striving, which can manifest across diverse religious forms.
• Trans-Religious Spiritual Experiences: Individuals, irrespective of their religious affiliation, can attain profound spiritual insights and mystical revelations.
• Rumi's Expansive Compassion: This verse exemplifies Rumi's mystical perspective, transcending external prejudices and emphasizing the ultimate unity of spiritual paths.